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Discuss various means of social control.
Ans. Means of Social Control
It would have become evident from the foregoing description of the various types of social control, that there are many direct and indirect, formal and informal means of social control. Among the important means of social control, Ross has enumerated family, educational system, belief and religion, social suggestion, social ideal, ritual and festival, art, leadership, law and administration besides physical force. Giddings have accepted the importance of belief, social direction or guidance religion, social ideals, social festivals, art, leadership, intellectual factors, education and propaganda, law, administration and force, as means of social control.
n harmful lack the courage to oppose them. It is an exceptional
individual who transforms customs, withstanding criticism and sometimes even endangering his life but as time passes the people become reconciled to the noval idea and in this way the customs undergo a change. But they do not suffer a loss in their effect of controlling behaviour due to this possibility of their being changed.
Ba Llb Sociology Notes For 1st Semester
Education is in the family, school, playground, club, office, in 1, everywhere. At every place the individual is taught something and ollzed. In the family, in school, on the playground, the child learns use of polite behaviour, learns to respect the opinion and advice
Ts and learns to comply with the traditions and mores. Theoretical
learns to respect public opinion and to be controlled by it. The family ingrains into the child the propriety of behaviour in all trades of life. This brings him under the control of mores and traditions. Infringement of the rules of the family brings punishment in its wake and in this way he learns to accept the pressure of law. The family initiates him into the good and the bad. In this way the communal ideals, values and thoughts exercise their influence and control upon him. In the family the child finds the patterns for behaviour by imitating the behaviour of the members of the family. In this way the family educates the individual to accept and obey social control, accustoms him to it and introduces him to the customs. Due to the family the various forms of social control become a part of the individual’s life an he does not experience any difficulty in adjusting to or living under social control in future. This control of the family over the individuals is not restricted within the family but is exercised even outside its precincts. Consideration for the family honour steers an individual clear of many undesirable activities. He has at all times, and in all circumstances, to keep in mind the honour and respect of the family. In this way, the family has control over an individual not merely in his childhood but from his infancy to his senility. In this way, the family is one of the most important agencies or instruments of social control.
Education is in the family, school, playground, club, office, in 1, everywhere. At every place the individual is taught something and ollzed. In the family, in school, on the playground, the child learns use of polite behaviour, learns to respect the opinion and advice
Ts and learns to comply with the traditions and mores. Theoretical
According to Ross, “Law is the most specialized and highly furnished engine of social control employed by society.” Ross has enumerated two functions of law; (1) to crush completely some of the homicidal activities of individual, and (2) to persuade the individual to both pay attention to the rights of others and to act cooperatively. In this way law does not merely protect society or ensure its existence but also contributes to its welfare. The modern state is the welfare state. Hence, in modern states, law enters into all the aspects of life. Law, on the one hand, limits the field of activity of criminal while on the other it prevents other people from criminal activity by threatening punishment. While it protects the obedient from the disobedience of law it also prevents everyone from becoming an obstacle in the path of another. In this way law controls the conduct of the people of the state and grants everyore the opportunity to progress.
(i) Customs. Shakespeare has called customs ‘a tyrant’, Montaigne
‘a violent schoolmistress’, and Bacon ‘the principle magistrate of man’s life’. All these utterings serve to indicate the control potential of custom. Disobedience of custom brings social disgrace. Custom has great utility from the social standpoint. It is a kind of social necessity.
(ii) Folkways. Folkways are laws of behaviour in society, e.g., people greet each other in England by shaking hands and in India by putting the palms together vertically upward. Folkways develop in the society, unaided by the law of trial and error. Activity which violates them is not punishable but other people in the society look upon such behaviour as degenerate and ridicule it. The fear of social ridicule acts as a large measure of control n the conduct of an individual.
(iii) Mores. Mores are those folkways which are considered essential for the welfare of group. Society exhibits greater sternness in its efforts to win compliance of these folkways. The person who violates mures is turned out of the particular class of society to which he belongs, people do not converse with him and even show a disinclination to marry into his family. An example of a more is the prohibition of cow slaughter in Hindu society.
(iv) Morals. Morals are laws concerning concepts of goodness and badness. In civilized societies non-violence, truth, justice, equality, etc., are considered moral and conduct violating them is condemned. Behind moral is the force of the conscience. It is based on the social consciousness of good and bad. These conceptions of good and bad change according to their context. But in every country the current ethical concepts govern the social behaviour of the individuals.
(v) Rituals. Reforms are those forms of socially accepted behaviour which are important in times of festivals and religious celebrations. These rituals are to be followed as a matter of duty. Among the Hindus, there are many rituals to be performed at festivals such as Holi, Diwali,
etc.
coupled with a love and re feels the pressure by the state and society. I social control.
with a love and respect for some invisible power. The individual
pressure of this belief even more than the pressure exerted ate and society. In this way, religion is a powerful weapon of
Recreational Group. In the recreational group a person
undergoes specialization and learns the methods of behaviour towards other people. Hayes has written that “By supervised play children learn by experience that the civilized life is far superior for all concerned than savagery.” Games are based upon laws without following which the game cannot be played. In this way games install in man the habit ol remaining in control and obeying law. Games makes a person pliable and teach him to obey the orders of the leader and cooperate with other people. As a result the sense of group responsibility is awakened in the participants.
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